Root canal treatment, also called endodontics, is a dental procedure used to treat infection at the centre of a tooth.
The treatment is not painful and it can save a tooth that might otherwise need to be removed completely.
Why it is Needed
Infection at the centre of a tooth, known as the root canal, is caused by bacteria that live in the mouth and enter the tooth.
This can happen after tooth decay, leaking fillings, or damage caused by trauma such as a fall.
When Root Canal Treatment is Required
Root canal treatment is needed when dental x-rays show that the pulp of a tooth has been damaged by infection.
If the pulp becomes infected, it starts to die and bacteria multiply and spread.
The first symptoms of pulp infection may include:
- Pain when eating or drinking hot or cold food and drinks
- Pain when biting or chewing
- A tooth that feels loose
As the infection develops, these symptoms may go away because the pulp has died. This does not mean the tooth has healed. Instead, the infection spreads through the root canal system.
Later symptoms may include:
- Pain when biting or chewing returning
- Swelling of the gum near the affected tooth
- Pus leaking from the tooth
- Swelling of the face
- The tooth becoming darker in colour
If the tooth is infected, the pulp cannot heal on its own. Leaving the infection untreated can make it worse and reduce the chances of successful root canal treatment.
How Root Canal Treatment is Done
To treat the infection, the bacteria must be removed.
This can be done in two ways:
- Cleaning out the bacteria from the root canal system (root canal treatment)
- Removing the tooth (extraction)
Extraction is not usually recommended as it is always better to keep natural teeth where possible.
Once the bacteria are removed, the root canal is filled and the tooth is sealed with a filling or a crown. In most cases, the surrounding tissues will heal naturally.
Before treatment begins, you will be given a local anaesthetic so the procedure should be painless and feel no different from having a filling.
Root canal treatment is very successful. In most cases, around 9 out of 10 teeth can last up to 10 years after treatment.
Recovery After Root Canal Treatment
It is important to take care of your teeth during recovery. You should avoid biting on hard foods until treatment is complete.
After the final stage of treatment, the restored tooth should no longer be painful. Some sensitivity for a few days is normal and can be managed with over-the-counter painkillers.
